​Freudian concepts help clients recognise that thoughts are not absolute truths, but often conditioned responses shaped by early experiences and environment. Developing this awareness can create greater emotional distance from unhelpful internal narratives and support more conscious choice.

 

Jungian psychology introduces ideas such as personal consciousness, the collective unconscious, archetypes, and shadow work. These concepts support understanding of internal complexity as different parts of the self seeking awareness and integration, rather than as a single fixed identity. This perspective can be particularly helpful when working with stress, fears, and inner conflict.

 

Winnicott’s work on the maturational process and the facilitating environment supports emotional development from dependence toward autonomy. Within therapy, clients may learn to draw on healthier internal resources to nurture more vulnerable aspects of themselves, supporting emotional resilience and self-soothing.

 

Adlerian psychology explores early-formed life patterns and personal narratives that can operate unconsciously. Bringing awareness to these patterns can help clients understand experiences such as self-doubt, self-sabotage, anxiety, or low mood, and begin to respond with greater clarity and agency.

 

Carl Rogers’ person-centred approach underpins the therapeutic relationship through empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. Experiencing acceptance within therapy can support clients in developing a more compassionate relationship with themselves and others, particularly within a culture that often encourages self-criticism and the rejection of perceived flaws. This work aligns closely with integration, self-acceptance, and personal empowerment.

 

Alongside these psychological foundations, holistic therapy focuses on understanding the root causes of emotional difficulties and recognising individual ways of processing experience. Clients are supported to develop emotional awareness and practical skills that can continue to support growth beyond the counselling process.